1434 The Year a Chinese Fleet Sailed to Italy and Ignited the Renaissance一四三四：一支庞大的中国舰队抵达意大利并燃起文艺复兴 9780007275861 rtf 下载 2025 kindle mobi lrf 极速 pdf

In his bestselling book 1421:The Year China Discovered the World, Gavin Menzies revealed that it was the Chinese that discovered America, not Columbus. Now he presents further astonishing evidence that it was also Chinese advances in science, art, and technology that formed the basis of the European Renaissance and our modern world. In his bestselling book 1421: The Year China Discovered the World, Gavin Menzies presented controversial and compelling evidence that Chinese fleets beat Columbus, Cook and Magellan to the New World. But his research has led him to astonishing new discoveries that Chinese influence on Western culture didn't stop there. Until now, scholars have considered that the Italian Renaissance - the basis of our modern Western world - came about as a result of a re-examining the ideas of classical Greece and Rome. However, a stunning reappraisal of history is about to be published. Gavin Menzies makes the startling argument that a sophisticated Chinese delegation visited Italy in 1434, sparked the Renaissance, and forever changed the course of Western civilization.After that date the authority of Aristotle and Ptolemy was overturned and artistic conventions challenged, as was Arabic astronomy and cartography. Florence and Venice of the 15th century attracted traders from across the world. Menzies presents astonishing evidence that a large Chinese fleet, official ambassadors of the Emperor, arrived in Tuscany in 1434 where they met with Pope Eugenius IV in Florence. A mass of information was offered by the Chinese delegation to the Pope and his entourage - concerning world maps (which Menzies argues were later given to Columbus), astronomy, mathematics, art, printing, architecture, steel manufacture, civil engineering, military machines, surveying, cartography, genetics, and more. It was this gift of knowledge that sparked the inventiveness of the Renaissance - Da Vinci's inventions, the Copernican revolution, Galileo, etc. Following 1434, Europeans embraced Chinese intellectual ideas, discoveries, and inventions, which formed the basis of European civilization just as much as Greek thought and Roman law. In short, China provided the spark that set the Renaissance ablaze.

INTRODUCTION

Ⅰ　Setting the Scene

　A LAST VOYAGE

　THE EMPEROR'S AMBASSADOR

　THE FLEETS ARE PREPARED FOR THE VOYAGE TO THE BARBARIANS

　ZHENG HE'S NAVIGATORS'CALCULATION OF LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE

　VOYAGE TO THE RED SEA

　CAIRO AND THE RED SEA-NILE CANAL

Ⅱ　China Ignites the Renaissance

　TO THE VENICE OF NICCOLQ DA CONTI

　PAOLO TOSCANELLI'S FLORENCE

　TOSCANELLI MEETS THE CHINESE AMBASSADOR

　COLUMBUS'S AND MAGELLAN'S WORLD MAPS

　THE WORLD MAPS OF JOHANNES SCHONER,MARTIN WALDSEEMULLER,AND ADMIRAL ZHENG HE

　TOSCANELLI'S NEW ASTRONOMY

　THE FLORENTINE MATHEMATICIANS:TOSCANELLI,ALBERTI,NICHOLAS OF CUSA,AND REGIOMONTANUS

　LEON BATTISTA ALBERTI AND LEONARDO DA VINCI

　LEONARDO DA VINCI AND CHINESE INVENTIONS

　LEONARDO,DI GIORGIO,TACCOLA,AND ALBERTI

　SILK AND RICE

　GRAND CANALS:CHINA AND LOMBARDY

　FIREARMS AND STEEL

　PRINTING

　CHINA'S CONTRIBUTION TO THE RENAISSANCE

Ⅲ　China's Legacy

　TRAGEDY ON THE HIGH SEAE: ZHENG HE'S FLEET DESTROYED BY ATSUNAMI

　THE CONQUISTADORES'INHERITANCE:OUR LADY OF VICTORY

Acknowledgments

Notes

Bibliography

Permissions

Photograph Credits

Index

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